Summary: The evaluation of the growth of the improved Cobra and Cayman grasses during the first ten weeks of establishment in the rainy season in the tropics are important to estimate the development of the morphological components, because through these elements it is possible to evaluate their potential biomass production available for feed the cattle. The objective of the present study was to characterize the morphological components and their contribution to biomass production at different weeks of growth of the cultivars Cayman (CIAT BR02/1752) and Cobra (CIAT BR02/1794), hybrids of the genus Urochloa during the rainy season. The cultivars were established during the rainy season and the percentage of emergence, leaf length (LL), leaf width (LW), plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD) and number of shoots (NS) were evaluated. The morphological components were determined by the destructive method, and leaf dry weight (LDW), stem dry weight (SDW) and root dry weight (RDW) were also evaluated. The data were analysed with the SAS statistical program through PROG GLM, the comparison of means was performed by Tukey’s test. The results showed the variables LL, PH, NS and LW were not different (P > 0.05) among cultivars at different weeks. On the other hand, for SD there was no difference between cultivars. The Cobra and Cayman cultivars had similar responses in the production of morphological components and dry matter production during the growth periods evaluated during the rainy season.

Resumen: La evaluación del crecimiento de los pastos mejorados Cobra y Cayman durante las diez primeras semanas de establecimiento en época de lluvias en el trópico son importantes para estimar el desarrollo de los componentes morfológicos, porque mediante estos elementos se puede evaluar su producción potencial de biomasa disponible para alimentar al ganado. El objetivo del presente estudio fue caracterizar los componentes morfológicos y su contribución en la producción de biomasa a diferentes semanas de crecimiento de los cultivares Cayman (CIAT BR02/1752) y Cobra (CIAT BR02/1794), híbridos del género Urochloa durante la época de lluvias. En los cultivares se evaluó el porcentaje de emergencia, largo de hoja (LH), ancho de hoja (AH), altura de planta (AP), diámetro del tallo (DT) y número de hijuelos (NH). Los componentes morfológicos se determinaron mediante el método destructivo, además se evaluó el peso seco de las hojas (PSH), peso seco de tallo (PST) y peso seco de la raíz (PSR). Los datos se analizaron con el programa estadístico SAS a través de PROG GLM, la comparación de medias se realizó mediante la prueba de Tukey (α = 0.05). Los resultados mostraron que las variables LH, AP, NH y AH en general no fueron diferentes (P > 0.05) entre los cultivares en los periodos de crecimiento evaluados. Para DT y el PSH tampoco se registraron diferencia (P > 0.05) entre los cultivares evaluados. Los cultivares Cobra y Cayman tuvieron similares respuestas en la producción de los componentes morfológicos y producción de materia seca durante los periodos de crecimiento evaluados durante la época de lluvias.

Summary: In traditional poultry farming, the consumption of fresh plants is an important part of the diet and a fundamental component of the indigenous poultry raising technique. Therefore, the objective is to know the studies that have included some quelites for feeding domestic birds. Quelite is a term used to refer to edible tender plants which are used as a whole plant, sprouts, branches, leaves, petioles, stems or flowers. The present review will consider the quelites Amaranth (Amarantus sp.), Chepil (Crotalaria longirostrada), Epazote (Dysphania ambrosioides), Blackberry (Solanum americanum), Holy grass (Piper autitum), Guaje (Leucaena leucocephala), Huazontle (Chenopodium berlandieri subsp. nuttalliae) and Purslane (Portuca olerecea). Nutritional and nutraceutical characteristics of these chelites are presented. In tests of egg and meat production, both in hens and in native turkeys, the main results of these studies are presented. The use of quelites in poultry farming has begun to be tested in order to reduce production costs, without affecting the productive variables or the quality of eggs or meat. Although contradictory information has been reported, there is enough evidence to continue this line of study. It is proven that quelites have different nutritional and nutraceutical properties, which are intended to be used in favor of producers and consumers; however, much research is lacking.

Resumen: En la avicultura tradicional el consumo de plantas frescas es parte importante de la alimentación y componente fundamental de la técnica indígena de crianza avícola. Por ello, el objetivo es conocer los estudios que han incluido algún quelite para la alimentación de aves domésticas. Quelite es un término usado para denominar a las plantas tiernas comestibles los cuales son aprovechados como planta entera, rebrotes, ramas, hojas, peciolos, tallos o flores. En la presente revisión se considerarán los quelites Amaranto (Amarantus sp.), Chepil (Crotalaria longirostrada), Epazote (Dysphania ambrosioides), Hierba mora (Solanum americanum), Hierba santa (Piper autitum), Guaje (Leucaena leucocephala), Huazontle (Chenopodium berlandieri subesp. nuttalliae) y Verdolaga (Portuca olerecea). Se presentan características nutricionales y nutracéuticas de dichos quelites. En pruebas de producción de huevo y carne, tanto en gallinas como en guajolotes nativos, se presentan los principales resultados de dichos estudios. El uso de quelites en la avicultura ha comenzado a probarse con la finalidad de reducir los costos de producción, sin afectar las variables productivas ni la calidad de huevo o carne. A pesar que se ha reportado información contradictoria, existe suficiente evidencia para continuar esta línea de estudio. Está probado que los quelites tienen diferentes propiedades nutricionales y nutracéuticas, las cuales se pretenden aprovechar en favor de los productores y los consumidores; sin embargo, falta mucha investigación al respecto.

Resumen Antecedentes: el metabolismo energético en pacientes con cáncer está influenciado por diferentes factores. Sin embargo, el efecto sobre el tratamiento antineoplásico no es claro, especialmente en mujeres. Objetivo: evaluar el gasto energético en reposo (GER) mediante calorimetría indirecta (CI) antes (T0) y después (T1) del primer ciclo del tratamiento antineoplásico: radioterapia (RT), quimioterapia (QT) y quimio-radioterapia concomitante (QRT), calidad de vida (CdV) y precisión del GER con las con las recomendaciones internacionales por kilogramo de peso (European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism [ESPEN]). Métodos: se realizó un estudio longitudinal, observacional en mujeres con diagnóstico de cáncer ginecológico en tratamiento antineoplásico. Se evaluó el GER en T0 y T1. Se midieron la pérdida de peso, el peso corporal y la talla. Se usaron las pruebas de Kruskal-Wallis y el análisis Bland-Altman para determinar la concordancia (± 10 % de GER) del REE ajustado por actividad física (TEE) en comparación con las recomendaciones de ESPEN. Resultados: se incluyeron 54 mujeres con cáncer; 31,5 % (n = 17) en el grupo RT, 31,5 % (n = 17) en el de QT y 37 % (n = 20) en el de QRT. GER mostró diferencias estadísticas entre T0 y T1 en la población total (p = 0,018); no se asoció con la terapia contra el cáncer (p > 0,05). La calidad de vida no tuvo cambios significativos después del tratamiento (p > 0,05). La precisión de 25 y 30 kcal/kg en comparación con TEE fue inferior al 30 %. Conclusión: el GER en mujeres con cáncer ginecológico disminuyó después del tratamiento antineoplásico, pero no se asoció a una terapia antineoplásica en particular. Es fundamental desarrollar más investigaciones que compare las recomendaciones de ESPEN y con los valores de la CI comparando más factores clínicos para ofrecer una intervención nutricional precisa.

Abstract Introduction: energy metabolism in cancer patients is influenced by different factors. However, the effect of antineoplastic treatment is not clear, especially in women. Objective: to evaluate resting energy expenditure (REE) by indirect calorimetry (IC) before (T0) and after (T1) first cycle period of antineoplastic therapy: radiotherapy (RT), chemotherapy (CT), and concomitant chemoradiation therapy (CRT), quality of life (QoL) and accuracy of REE were compared with international guidelines recommendations per kilogram (European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism [ESPEN]). Methods: an observational, longitudinal study was conducted in women with gynecological cancer diagnosis undergoing antineoplastic treatment: RT, CT and CRT. Weight loss, actual body weight and height were measured. REE was evaluated in T0-T1 and compared with ESPEN recommendations. Kruskal-Wallis test and Bland-Alman analysis were used to determine the agreement (± 10 % of energy predicted) of REE adjusted by physical activity (TEE) compared with ESPEN recommendations, respectively. Results: fifty-four women with cancer were included: 31.5 % (n = 17) for RT group, 31.5 % (n = 17) for CT group and 37 % (n = 20) for CRT group. REE showed statistical differences between T0 and T1 in the total population (p = 0.018), but these were not associated with anticancer therapy groups (p > 0.05). QoL had no significant changes after treatment (p > 0.05). Accuracy of 25 and 30 kcal/kg compared to TEE was less than 30 %. Conclusion: REE in women with gynecological cancer decreased after antineoplastic treatments but this is not associated with a particular antineoplastic therapy. It is needed to develop research to determine the accuracy of ESPEN recommendations with TEE estimated by IC and clinical factors in women with cancer.

Objective: to identify the risk of depression during pregnancy among pregnant women receiving routine prenatal care and the associated factors. Method: a cross-sectional study, carried out with 201 pregnant women, in a routine prenatal clinic of a university maternity hospital. Data were collected using an electronic form containing a characterization instrument and the Escala de Risco de Depressão na Gravidez (Depression during Pregnancy Scale). The dependent variable was the risk of depression during pregnancy. Statistical analysis was performed by calculating the Odds Ratio and using the Chi-square and Fischer’s Exact tests. Results: among the participants, 68.2% had a higher risk of depression during pregnancy. There was a statistically significant association between a higher risk of depression during pregnancy and occupation (p=0.04), that is, unemployment (OR=2.00) doubled the risk of depression. Conclusion: the high prevalence of the risk of depression during pregnancy indicates the necessity of planning, prioritizing, and integrating mental health into prenatal health services, especially in the primary healthcare environment, by health managers and policymakers.

Objetivo: identificar el riesgo de depresión durante el embarazo en gestantes de riesgo habitual incluidas en el control prenatal y los factores asociados. Método: estudio transversal, realizado con 201 gestantes, en el consultorio de prenatal de riesgo habitual de una maternidad universitaria. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó un formulario electrónico que contenía un instrumento de caracterización y la Escala de Riesgo de Depresión del Embarazo. La variable dependiente fue el riesgo de depresión en el embarazo. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante el cálculo de la razón de posibilidades (Odds Ratio) y utilizando las pruebas de Chi-cuadrado y exacta de Fischer. Resultados: entre las participantes, 68,2% tenían mayor riesgo de depresión durante el embarazo. Hubo asociación estadísticamente significativa entre mayor riesgo de depresión durante el embarazo y la variable ocupación (p=0,04), o sea, la ausencia del trabajo (OR = 2,00) duplicó la probabilidad de ocurrencia. Conclusión: la alta prevalencia de riesgo de depresión durante el embarazo destaca la necesidad de planificación, priorización e integración de la salud mental en los servicios de salud prenatal, especialmente en el ámbito de la Atención Primaria de Salud, por parte de los gestores de salud y de los formuladores de políticas.

Objetivo: identificar o risco de depressão na gravidez entre gestantes inseridas na assistência pré-natal de risco habitual e os fatores associados. Método: estudo transversal, realizado com 201 gestantes, no ambulatório de pré-natal de risco habitual de uma maternidade universitária. A coleta de dados utilizou um formulário eletrônico contendo um instrumento de caracterização e a Escala de Risco de Depressão na Gravidez. A variável dependente foi o risco de depressão na gravidez. A análise estatística deu-se pelo cálculo da razão de chances (Odds Ratio) e pelos testes Qui-quadrado e Exato de Fischer. Resultados: entre as participantes, 68,2% apresentaram maior risco de depressão na gravidez. Houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre o maior risco de depressão na gravidez e a variável ocupação (p=0,04), ou seja, a ausência de emprego (OR = 2,00) aumentou em duas vezes a chance de ocorrência. Conclusão: a alta prevalência de risco de depressão na gravidez evidencia a necessidade de planejamento, priorização e integração da saúde mental nos serviços de saúde pré-natal, principalmente no ambiente da Atenção Primária à Saúde, por parte de gestores de saúde e formuladores de políticas.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Although eggs are rich in nutrients, they are the main source of cholesterol in our diet. The association between regular egg consumption and cardiovascular disease is uncertain. This Evidence-Based Review aims to clarify the effect of egg consumption on cardiovascular disease in adults without previous cardio and cerebrovascular events. METHODOLOGY: Bibliographic research using the MeSH terms “Eggs” and “Cardiovascular Diseases”. Studies published in the last 5 years were included according to the criteria: (P) Adults with no established history of cardiovascular disease; (I) Egg consumption; (C) Absence/lower egg consumption (O) Cardiovascular Events. To assess the levels of evidence and attribution of strengths of recommendation, the SORT scale of the American Family Physician was applied. After reading the abstracts and simultaneous application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, only 3 articles met our criteria: 1 meta-analysis and 2 systematic reviews with meta-analysis (level of evidence 2). RESULTS: This MA demonstrated that the intake of up to 6 eggs/week is inversely associated with cardiovascular events and that consumption of up to 1 egg/day was associated with a decreased of cardiovascular disease incidence. In addition, no association was made with stroke risk. One of the systematic reviews/meta-analysis demonstrated that higher egg consumption (> 1 egg/ day) was not associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease or stroke, but rather with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease. In turn, the other systematic reviews/meta-analysis also showed that moderate egg consumption is not associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSIONS: Current evidence is not sufficient to consider egg consumption unhealthy, nor to generalize potential harmful effects in individuals without previous cardiovascular events. Therefore, while awaiting for better studies, there is no need to discourage egg consumption at this population’s level.

RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO: Apesar dos ovos serem ricos em nutrientes são a principal fonte de colesterol na dieta. A associação entre o consumo regular de ovos e o risco de doença cardiovascular é incerta. Assim, esta Revisão Baseada na Evidência tem como objetivo clarificar o efeito do consumo de ovos nas doença cardiovascular em adultos sem eventos cardio e cerebrovasculares prévios. METODOLOGIA: Pesquisa bibliográfica aplicando os termos MeSH “Eggs" and "Cardiovascular Diseases". Incluídos estudos publicados nos últimos 5 anos segundo os critérios: (P) Adultos sem história de doença cardiovascular estabelecida; (I) Consumo de ovos; (C) Ausência/menor consumo de ovos; (O) Eventos Cardiovasculares. Para avaliação dos níveis de evidência e atribuição de forças de recomendação recorreu-se à escala SORT da American Family Physician. Após leitura dos resumos e aplicação simultânea dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão selecionaram-se apenas 3 artigos: 1 meta-análise e 2 revisões sistemáticas com meta análise (nível de evidência 2). RESULTADOS: A meta-análise demonstrou que a ingestão de até 6 ovos/semana está inversamente associada a eventos Cardiovasculares e que o consumo de até 1 ovo/dia foi associado a uma diminuição da incidência de doença cardiovascular. Além disso, nenhuma associação foi relacionada com o risco de acidente vascular cerebral. Uma das revisões sistemáticas /meta-análise demonstrou que um maior consumo de ovos (> 1 ovo/dia) não foi associado ao aumento do risco de doença cardiovascular nem de acidente vascular cerebral, mas sim, à redução do risco de doença coronária. Por sua vez, a outra revisão sistemática /meta- análise também mostrou que o consumo moderado de ovos não está associado a um aumento do risco de doença cardiovascular. CONCLUSÕES: As evidências atuais não são suficientes para considerar o consumo de ovos prejudicial à saúde, nem para generalizar potenciais efeitos prejudiciais em indivíduos sem eventos Cardiovasculares prévios. Portanto, enquanto se aguarda por um melhor design dos estudos, não há necessidade de desencorajar o consumo de ovos ao nível desta população.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the use of HC and the concentration of Sialic acid (CSA) detected in the saliva of 120 women from San Luís Potosí, Mexico. Methods: Three groups were evaluated control group, HC intake shorter than 4 years, and HC intake longer than 4 years. A questionnaire was applied, anthropometric measures were taken, and collection of saliva samples was carried out. The samples were analyzed with Raman-SERS, for which silver nanoparticles were synthesized, and the measurement of SA was held. Results: The concentrations were divided into three SA groups normal (≤ 4 mg/dL), risk (> 4-7 mg/dL), and altered(> 7 mg/dL). The maximum CSA was detected, which was 9.2 mg/dL. All the volunteers who used the intrauterine system (IUS) and most of the ones who used the pills and subdermal implant (SI) presented risk and altered concentrations. Conclusions: That there is an association between the HC and the CSA, presenting a higher concentration, those volunteers who used IUS, contraceptive pills, and SI.

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar la relación entre el uso de anticonceptivos hormonales (AH) y las concentraciones de ácido siálico (AS) detectado en saliva de mujeres de San Luis Potosí, México. Métodos: Se formaron tres grupos grupo control, ingesta de AH menor a 4 años e ingesta de AH mayor a 4 años. Se aplicó un cuestionario, se tomaron medidas antropométricas y se llevó a cabo la recolección de muestras de saliva. Las muestras se analizaron con Raman-SERS (surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy); para lo cual se sintetizaron nanopartículas de plata y se llevó a cabo la medición de concentración de AS, comparando los resultados obtenidos con una curva de calibración. Resultados: Se dividieron en tres grupos las concentraciones de AS normal (≤ 4 mg/dl), riesgo (> 4-7 mg/dl) y alterado (> 7 mg/dl). La concentración máxima de AS detectado fue de 9.2 mg/dl. Todas las voluntarias que utilizan sistema intrauterino (SIU) y la mayoría de las que utilizan píldoras e implante subdérmico (IS), presentaron concentraciones de riesgo y valores de AS alterados. Conclusiones: Existe una asociación entre el uso de AH y las concentraciones de AS, presentando una mayor concentración de AS aquellas voluntarias que utilizan SIU, píldoras anticonceptivas e IS.

RESUMEN Introducción: Actualmente se ha observado que la hipovitaminosis D y la obesidad pueden influir en el desarrollo de enfermedad cardiovascular en el futuro. Objetivo: Identificar la asociación entre deficiencia de vitamina D y factores de riesgo cardiometabólicos en los pacientes pediátricos del noroeste de México. Materiales y métodos : se incluyeron niños de 6 a 15 años, se les midieron variables somatométricas, niveles séricos de colesterol total, C-HDL, C-LDL, triglicéridos, glucosa, insulina, vitamina D e índice HOMA-IR. Se identificó la asociación de factores de riesgo cardiometabólicos y la deficiencia de vitamina D, mediante la prueba de Chi cuadrado. Resultados: De los 114 pacientes evaluados, se detectó eutrofia en 42.1%, sobrepeso en 12.3%, obesidad en 41.2% y desnutrición en 4.4%. La prevalencia de deficiencia en vitamina D, insuficiencia y suficiencia fueron 18.4%, 27.2% y 54.4% respectivamente. La deficiencia de vitamina D mostró mayor predominio en pacientes con obesidad (27 %). La hipertrigliceridemia se asoció estadísticamente con deficiencia de vitamina D (p 0.041). Se observaron correlaciones inversas entre niveles de vitamina D con HOMA (r=-0.191; p=0.41), score Z IMC (r=-0.210; p=0.025) e insulina (r=-0.227; p=0.015). Conclusiones: La deficiencia de vitamina D se asocia en niños con un IMC elevado y resistencia a la insulina, lo cual puede acelerar el desarrollo de síndrome metabólico, diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y enfermedad cardiovascular.

ABSTRACT Introduction: It has currently been observed that hypovitaminosis D and obesity can influence the future development of cardiovascular disease. Objective: To identify the association between vitamin D deficiency and cardiometabolic risk factors in pediatric patients from northwestern Mexico. Materials and methods: Children aged 6 to 15 years were included, somatometric variables, serum levels of total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, vitamin D and HOMA-IR index were measured. The association of cardiometabolic risk factors and vitamin D deficiency was identified using the Chi square test. Results: Of the 114 patients evaluated, normal body-mass index was detected in 42.1%, 12.3% were overweight, 41.2% were obese and 4.4% were malnourished. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency and sufficiency were 18.4%, 27.2% and 54.4% respectively. Vitamin D deficiency was more prevalent in obese patients (27%). Hypertriglyceridemia was statistically associated with vitamin D deficiency (p = 0.041). Inverse correlations were observed between vitamin D levels with HOMA (r = -0.191; p = 0.41), BMI Z score (r = -0.210; p = 0.025) and insulin (r = -0.227; p = 0.015). Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with a higher BMI and insulin resistance in children, which can accelerate the development of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease.

Resumen Contexto: El aprovisionamiento es cada vez más importante desde el punto de vista estratégico de las organizaciones, lo que ha generado diferentes tendencias para su gestión. La reflexión académica de su evolución, partiendo de un enfoque tradicional, cuyo único criterio de decisión es el coste, hasta llegar a un nivel de cooperación estratégica, invita a una mirada integral de esta función en el contexto de la gestión de la cadena de suministros. Método: A partir de la revisión de documentos académicos, se recopila información clave catalogando- la en los tópicos de antecedentes, estado actual y tendencias de la función de aprovisionamiento, los cuales orientan la reflexión de los autores. Resultados: Entre los hallazgos de esta reflexión están la necesidad de transformación de los procesos y de mejoramiento de las relaciones con los proveedores, proyectando alianzas de largo plazo, la digitalización y su influencia en la forma en que se llevan a cabo las transacciones, la vigencia del análisis de la cartera de compras dentro de los modelos de madurez, la integración manifiesta en la co-fabricación y en los retos de sostenibilidad y de recuperación de valor. Conclusiones: Dada la importancia estratégica de la función n de aprovisionamientos para alcanzar los niveles de competitividad propuestos por las organizaciones, desde el ámbito académico debe constituir un tema de reflexión y de investigación permanente, especialmente en lo respecta a la digitalización, la cadena de suministro dinámica y la sostenibilidad. En este contexto, este documento orienta la reflexión sobre los avances en la gestión de esta función y recopila algunas de las posibilidades de investigación futura en el área.

Abstract Context: Procurement is each time more important from the strategic point of view of the organizations. It has generated several tendencies in its management. The academic reflection about its evolution, from a traditional focus, which unique criteria of decision making is the cost, to achieve a level of strategic cooperation, invites to have an integral looked of this function in the supply chain context. Method: From the review of academic documents, we acquired relevant information and classified it in the issues antecedents, current state, and tendencies of the procurement function. These issues orientate the authors’ reflections. Results: As two of the results of the reflection are the process transformation and the improvement of relationships with providers, achieving long term alliances needs, digitalization and its influence in the manner in which transactions occur, the validity of the purchasing analysis in maturity models, the integration present in the co-maker ship and the challenges related with sustainability and value recovering. Conclusions: Because of the strategic importance of procurement function to get competitive levels proposed by organizations, from the academic ambit, it should be a reflection and research permanent, especially about digitalization, dynamic supply chain, and sustainability. In this context, this document orientates the analysis related to advances in procurement function and present several of the future research topics in it.

Abstract Introduction: Fathers have been increasingly involved in the pregnancy and birth of their children, but paternal interventions are still required to relocate the father in his role of co-responsibility in parenting. Objective: To observe the paternal behavior-attitude towards the child and the amount of oxytocin (OT) secreted at birth in parents prepared (in a special way) for childbirth. Method: Pilot study of 8 months, part of a larger qualitative-quantitative research of two phases. The initial qualitative phase developed a male preparatory intervention for the birth, with emphasis on the father-child bonding. The quantitative phase corresponded to the pilot of the antenatal paternal intervention. Results: Fathers actively witnessed the moment of delivery and the mother-child attachment. Subsequently, all of them opted for physical skin-to-skin contact with their child. Paternal OT experienced a (non-significant) increase during father-child contact, compared to baseline OT (immediately after birth). Conclusions: Males prepared, sensitized and involved with their child since pregnancy would experience variations in the amount of OT when they make father-child skin-to-skin contact at childbirth. Experimental research with a larger sample of participants is required to categorically reach a conclusion.

Resumen Introducción: Los padres se han involucrado cada vez más en el embarazo y el nacimiento de sus hijos, pero aún se requieren intervenciones paternas que permitan reubicar al padre en su rol de corresponsabilidad en la crianza. Objetivo: Observar el comportamiento-actitud paterna hacia el/la hijo(a) y la cantidad de oxitocina (OT) secretada en el nacimiento, en padres preparados de un modo especial para el parto. Método: Estudio piloto de 8 meses, parte de una investigación mayor cuali-cuantitativa de dos fases. La fase cualitativa inicial desarrolló una intervención preparatoria de padres para el nacimiento, con énfasis en la vinculación padre-hijo(a). La fase cuantitativa correspondió al piloto de la intervención paterna antenatal. Resultados: Los padres presenciaron activamente el momento del expulsivo y el encuentro madre-hijo(a). Posteriormente, todos optaron por el contacto físico piel-piel con su hijo(a). La OT paterna experimentó un aumento (no significativo) durante el contacto padre-hijo(a) en comparación con la OT basal (momento inmediato al nacimiento). Conclusiones: Padres preparados, sensibilizados y vinculados con su hijo(a) desde el embarazo experimentarían variaciones de la cantidad de OT cuando realizan contacto piel-piel con su hijo(a) en el nacimiento. Se requiere investigación experimental con una muestra mayor de participantes para concluir de manera categórica.

Abstract Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has claimed millions of lives. Adequate protection of the professionals involved in patient care is essential in the battle against this disease. However, there is much uncertainty involving safety-relarted topics that are of particular interest to the rhinologist in the context of COVID-19. Objective To evaluate the current evidence regarding three safety-related topics: mask and respirator use, performance of nasal endoscopic procedures, and use of topical nasal and intranasal medications (saline irrigation and nasal corticosteroids). Methods A literature review was performed on the PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases, with standardized search queries for each of the three topics of interest. Results In total, 13 articles on mask use, 6 articles on the safety of nasal corticosteroids, 6 articles on the safety of nasal endoscopic procedures, and 1 article on nasal irrigation with saline solution were included in the final analysis. Conclusion N95 respirators are essential for the adequate protection of otolaryngologists. If reuse is necessary, physical methods of sterilization must be employed. No evidence was found to contraindicate the use of nasal corticosteroids, whether acute (in the management of sinonasal inflammatory conditions) or continued (in patients who use them chronically). Nasal irrigation with saline solution apparently does not increase the risk in the context of COVID-19. Nasal endoscopic procedures should only be performed after testing the patient for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the surgical team must wear full personal protective equipment to prevent aerosol exposure.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The age of patients on hemodialysis is increasing, presenting greater deterioration. Objectives: To know the situation of the elderly patient on hemodialysis, categorizing our population. Analyze the relationship between the scales of functionality, malnutrition and comorbidity. Method: Cross-sectional descriptive study, patients 75-95 years old. Were measured: a) Comorbidity-CHARLSON: high (>6 points). b) Nutrition-MISS: extremely malnourished (<10 points); very severe malnutrition (>7-10 points); mo derate-severe (>5-7 points); mild-moderate (>2-5 points); normonourished (<2 points); c) Dependence-BARTHEL, independent (100 points); dependency level (91-99 points); moderate (61-90 points); severe (21-60 points); totals (<20 points). d) Frailty-FRAIL, without frailty (0 points); prefragile (1-2 points); fragile (>3 points). Results: 60 patients, 68% (41) men, mean age 81.85±5.58 years and HD time 49.88±40.29 months. Most prevalent etiology, diabetes mellitus (28%). MIS: 6.01±3.80 points. classifying 8 (13%) as normonourished, 24 (40%) as mild-moderate mal nutrition, 10 (17%) as moderate-severe malnutrition, 13 (22%) as very severe malnutrition, and 5 (8%) as extremely malnourished. BARTHEL: 88.16±18.59 points, classified 32 (53%) independent, 6 (10%) mild dependence, 17 (28%) moderate de pendence, 4 (7%) severe dependence, 1 (2%) dependence total. FRAGILE: 1.98±1.32pts, classified 10 (17%) non-frail, 31 (51%) pre-frail and 19 (32%) frail. CHARLSON: 10.01±2.20 points. Presenting 60 (100%) high comorbidity. CHARLSON presented differences between sex, higher in men (p=0.002). High coincidence was found between Barthel and Frail (r=0.647, p<0.001), moderate between MIS and Barthel (r=0.556, p<0.001) and MIS and Frail (r=0.455, p<0.001). Charlson was the scale with the worst correlation. Conclusions: The results showed a great general deterioration of elderly patients on dialysis, highlighting the need for individualised treatments focused on their recovery, including the dialysis technique itself.

RESUMEN Introducción: La edad de los pacientes en hemodiálisis está aumentando, presentando mayor deterioro. Objetivos: Conocer la situación del paciente anciano en he modiálisis categorizando nuestra población. Analizar la relación entre las escalas de funcionalidad, desnutrición y comorbilidad. Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo transversal, pacientes 75-95 años. Se midieron: a) Comorbilidad-CHARLSON: alta (>6 puntos). b) Nutrición-MISS: extremadamente desnutrido (<10 puntos.); desnutrición muy severa (>7-10 puntos); moderada-se vera (>5-7 puntos); leve-moderada (>2-5 puntos); normonutrido (<2 puntos); c) Dependencia-BARTHEL, independiente (100 puntos); dependencia leve (91-99 puntos); moderada (61-90 puntos.); severa (21-60 puntos.); total (<20 puntos). d) Fragili dad-FRAIL, no fragilidad (0 puntos); prefrágil (1-2 puntos); frágil (>3 puntos). Resultados: 60 pacientes, 68% (41) hombres, edad me dia 81,85±5,58 años y tiempo HD 49,88±40,29 meses. Etiología más prevalente, diabetes mellitus (28%). MIS: 6,01±3,80 puntos. clasificándose 8 (13%) normonutridos, 24 (40%) desnutrición leve-moderada, 10 (17%) desnutrición moderada-severa, 13 (22%) desnutrición muy severa y 5 (8%) extremadamente desnutridos. BARTHEL: 88,16±18,59 puntos, clasificó 32 (53%) independientes, 6 (10%) dependencia leve, 17 (28%) dependencia moderada, 4 (7%) dependencia severa, 1 (2%) dependencia total. FRAIL: 1,98±1,32 puntos, clasificó 10 (17%) no frágiles, 31 (51%) prefrágiles y 19 (32%) frágiles. CHARLSON: 10,01±2,20 puntos. Presentando 60 (100%) alta comorbilidad. CHARLSON presentó diferencias entre sexo, mayor en hombres (p=0,002). Se encontró alta correlación entre Barthel y Frail (r=0,647, p<0,001), moderada entre MIS y Barthel (r=0,556, p<0,001) y MIS y Frail (r=0,455, p<0,001). Charlson obtuvo peor correlación. Conclusiones: Se evidenció gran deterioro general del paciente añoso en diálisis, alertando sobre la necesidad de realizar tratamientos individualizados enfocados en su recuperación, incluida la propia diálisis.

Abstract Background: nutritional status might vary according to different underlying illnesses such as cancer or infectious diseases, including COVID-19. In this context, data from developing countries remain scarce. Objectives: the objective of this study was to assess the nutritional status and outcomes of Mexican cancer patients diagnosed with COVID-19 at a tertiary care center. Methods: this was a retrospective study including 121 consecutive cancer patients diagnosed with COVID-19 at the National Cancer Institute, Mexico City, during four months. Results: the most frequent oncological diagnoses were gynecological (19 %) and hematological (17 %). Most patients were overweight (35 %). In the univariate analysis, ≥ 65 years, intubation, hypoalbuminemia, high creatinine, lymphopenia, nutrition-impact symptoms, and ECOG 2-4 were statistically associated with lower survival. The median survival of the cohort was 41 days. Conclusions: to our best knowledge, this is the first study of its kind performed in Mexico, and as other studies from other regions, our results might aid in identifying cancer patients most at risk for severe COVID-19, and could be potentially useful to enhance public health messaging on self-isolation and social distancing among Mexican cancer patients.

Resumen Antecedentes: el estado nutricional puede variar según las diferentes enfermedades subyacentes, como el cáncer o las enfermedades infecciosas, por ejemplo, la COVID-19. En este contexto, los datos de los países en desarrollo siguen siendo escasos. Objetivos: el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el estado nutricional y los resultados de pacientes mexicanos con cáncer diagnosticados de COVID-19 en un centro de atención terciaria. Métodos: se trata de un estudio retrospectivo que incluyó a 121 pacientes consecutivos con cáncer diagnosticados de COVID-19 en el Instituto Nacional del Cáncer de la Ciudad de México durante cuatro meses. Resultados: los diagnósticos oncológicos más frecuentes fueron los ginecológicos (19 %) y hematológicos (17 %). La mayoría de los pacientes tenían sobrepeso (35 %) y obesidad (31 %). En el análisis univariado, ≥ 65 años, intubación, hipoalbuminemia, creatinina alta, linfopenia, síntomas de impacto nutricional y ECOG 2-4 se asociaron estadísticamente con una menor supervivencia. La mediana de supervivencia de la cohorte fue de 41 días. Conclusiones: hasta donde sabemos, este es el primer estudio de este tipo realizado en México y, al igual que otros estudios de otras regiones, nuestros resultados podrían ayudar a identificar a los pacientes con cáncer y mayor riesgo de COVID-19 grave; también podrían ser potencialmente útiles para mejorar los mensajes de salud sobre el autoaislamiento y el distanciamiento social entre los pacientes mexicanos con cáncer.

Resumen El impétigo ampolloso o bulloso es una enfermedad infectocontagiosa de la piel, causada por Staphylococcus aureus y mediada por toxina. Se caracteriza por la aparición de ampollas flácidas sobre lesiones vesiculares iniciales. Es importante el diagnóstico diferencial en estadios iniciales con otras patologías que cursan con lesiones vesiculosas, como la varicela. La elección del tratamiento se basa en la extensión, localización y profundidad de las lesiones, utilizando siempre antibioterapia contra S. aureus y comprobando la sensibilidad antibiótica debido a la creciente prevalencia de S. aureus resistente a la meticilina (SARM).

Abstract Bullous impetigo is an infectious-contagious skin disease toxin-mediated, caused by Staphylococcus aureus. It's characterized by the appearance of flaccid blisters on initial vesicular lesions. It's important the differential diagnosis with other diseases involving vesicular lesions, such as chickenpox in early stages. The choice of treatment is based on the extent, location and depth of the lesions, always using antibiotic therapy against S. aureus and checking antibiotic sensitivity due to the increasing prevalence of MRSA (methicillin resistant S. aureus).

Abstract Background: The treatment for symptomatic severe aortic stenosis (AS) is the correction of valve stenosis by surgical valve replacement and more recently by transcatheter aortic valve implant (TAVI). However, in some high risk surgical patients, TAVI is not possible for technical or clinical reasons or due to the unavailability of the endoprosthesis. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate a mid-term follow-up of symptomatic severe AS patients who are not eligible for TAVI trials, as well as to identify the clinical features of these patients. Methods: This was an observational, retrospective study conducted with 475 symptomatic severe AS patients, evaluated by the Heart Team between 2000 and 2017. Inclusion criterias were: patients considered not to be eligible for TAVI. The Shapiro-Wilk test was applied to evaluate normality. Non-paired t and Mann-Whitney tests were applied for continuous variables, while the chi-squared and Fischer exact tests were applied for categorical variables, with a level of significance of p<0,05. Results: The heart team evaluated 475 patients: 25 (5.26%) died before any intervention could be proposed; 326 (68.3%) were submitted to TAVI, so the study population consisted of 124 patients not eligible for TAVI. Of these, 31 (25%) underwent surgery and 93 (75%) remained in clinical treatment. In a mean 56 months- follow-up the mortality in clinical group was 46.2%. In the surgical group the mortality was 23.9% (in-hospital 12.9% and late mortality 11% in a mean 47.4 months follow-up). The patients that died presented a significantly lower left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF), a smaller valve area, and a larger end-systolic diameter of the LV. Conclusion: The mortality of the clinical group's patients was significantly higher than the surgical mortality (46.2% vs. 12.9%; p=0.021). The patients of the clinical group were older, weighed less, and had a higher incidence of renal failure and a higher STS score.

ABSTRACT: This article analyses the process of cultural mediatization of celebrities, taking as a case study the self-presentation of the singer Rosalía (@rosalia.vt) on the social network Instagram. For this purpose, a double quantitative and qualitative analysis has been carried out of the 449 publications made by the singer between 1-1-2018 and 31-7-2020, the period in which she achieved international fame with the release of the album El Mal Querer. The descriptive statistical analysis of this sample allows us to determine the singer’s posting patterns, the categories to which she associates her image and the use she makes of the affordances of this social network. The iconological analysis of the sample allows us to determine the cultural references that Rosalía associates with her image within a globalized, urban and flamenco-inspired context. This study concludes that Rosalía appears as a typical case of celebritization, as she strategically uses the media logic of social networks as a way of consolidating her personal brand, diversifying it beyond the field of music.

RESUMEN: Este artículo analiza el proceso de mediatización cultural de las celebridades tomando como caso de estudio la auto-presentación en la red social Instagram de la cantante Rosalía (@rosalia. vt). Para ello se ha realizado un doble análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de las 449 publicaciones que la cantante realiza entre el 1-1-2018 y el 31-7-2020, periodo en que alcanza fama internacional con el lanzamiento del álbum El Mal Querer. El análisis estadístico descriptivo de esta muestra permite determinar los patrones de publicación de la cantante, las categorías a las que asocia su imagen y el uso que hace de las potencialidades de esta red social. El análisis iconológico de la muestra permite determinar los referentes culturales que Rosalía asocia a su imagen, dentro de un contexto globalizado, urbano y de inspiración flamenca. Este estudio concluye que Rosalía aparece como un caso tipo de “celebritización”, ya que usa estratégicamente la lógica mediática de las redes sociales como una manera de afianzar su marca personal diversificándola más allá del ámbito de la música.